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Photograpnic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14S80 

(716)  •72-4503 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


k 


CIHIVI/ICIVIH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Instituta  for  Historical  iVIicroraproductions  /  institut  Canadian  da  microraproductions  historiquas 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notat  technique*  et  bibiiographiquee 


Th 
to 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  che<:lced  below. 


m 


D 
D 


n 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couleur 


I      I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagte 

Covers  restored  ar<d/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/'ou  pellicula 

Cover  title  missing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  g^ographiques  en  couleur 

Coloured  init  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  blacic)/ 
Encre  de  couleur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couleur 


Bound  with  other  material/ 
Relii  avec  d'autres  documents 

Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  re  liure  »err6e  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  int^rieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajout6es 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais,  lorsque  cela  itait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  4t6  filmtes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  suppiimentaires: 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 


L'Institut  a  microfilm^  le  meilleur  evempiaire 
qu'il  lui  a  At<)  possible  de  se  procurer.  Lee  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  mAthode  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiqu6s  ci-dessous. 


□   Coloured  pages/ 
Pages  de  couleur 


y 


n/ 


n 


Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommagtes 


□    Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Pages  restaurtes  et/ou  pellicultes 

0    Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 
Pages  dicolortes,  tachet^es  ou  piquAes 


Th 
pa 
of 
fill 


Or 
be 
th( 
sic 
oti 
fir 
sic 
or 


Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ditachtes 


HShowthrough/ 
Transparence 


Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  in6gale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materif 
Comprend  du  inatAriel  suppi^mentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I    Quality  of  print  varies/ 

r~~1    Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I    Only  edition  available/ 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  ref limed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partieliament 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  it*  filmtes  A  nouveau  de  fapon  A 
obtenir  la  meiileure  image  possible. 


Th 
sh 
Til 
wl 

Ml 
dil 
en 
be 

rig 
rei 
m< 


10X 

vvuin 

anc  a 

Bl   III 

m9  a 
14X 

u  lau 

X  av 

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ccton 
18X 

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i-uva 

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22X 

26X 

30X 

i 

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12X 

16X 

aox 

24X 

28X 

32X. 

ails 

du 

tdifiar 

une 

naga 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  hat  baar<  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Tha  Novi  Seotia 
Lagiilativa  Library 


Tha  imagaa  appaaring  hara  ara  tha  baat  quality 
posaibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  lagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  spacif icationa. 


L'axamplaira  filmA  f ut  raproduit  grica  i  la 
g4n4ro8litA  da: 

Tha  Nova  Seotia 
Logiilativa  Library 


Laa  imagaa  suivantaa  ont  At4  raproduitaa  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoin,  compta  tanu  da  la  condition  at 
da  la  nattat*  da  I'examplaira  f  ilmA,  at  an 
conformity  avac  lat  conditions  du  contrat  da 
fllmaga. 


Original  copias  in  printad  papar  covara  ara  filmad 
baginning  with  tha  front  covar  and  anding  on 
tha  last  paga  with  a  printad  or  illuatrstad  Impras- 
sion,  or  tha  back  covar  whan  vppropriata.  All 
othar  original  coplaa  ara  filmad  baginning  on  tha 
first  paga  t*  ith  a  printad  or  illuatratad  impraa- 
slon,  and  anding  on  tha  last  paga  with  a  printad 
or  illuatratad  impraaaion. 


Las  axamplairaa  origlnaux  dont  la  couvartura  Bn 
papiar  aat  ImprimAa  sont  filmis  an  commandant 
par  la  pramiar  plat  at  an  tarmlnant  solt  par  la 
darnidra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaaion  ou  d'illuatration.  solt  par '»  aacond 
plat,  salon  la  caa.  Toua  laa  autraa  axamplairaa 
origlnaux  aont  filmte  an  comman9ant  par  la 
pramlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  amprainta 
d'impraaaion  ou  d'illustration  at  9n  tarmlnant  par 
la  darnlAra  paga  qui  comporta  una  talla 
amprainta. 


Tha  last  racordad  frama  on  aach  microficha 
shall  contain  tha  symbol  — v^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  tha  symbol  V  (moaning  "END"), 
whichavar  applias. 


Un  das  sy^nboiaa  suivanta  apparattra  sur  Ea 
darniira  Imaga  da  chaqua  microficha,  salon  la 
cas:  la  symbola  — »>  signifia  "A  SUiVRE",  la 
aymbola  V  algnifia  "FIN". 


Maps,  platas,  charts,  ate,  may  ba  filmad  at 
diffarant  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  expoaure  ara  filmad 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


Lea  cartaa,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
filmis  A  des  taux  da  reduction  dIffAranta. 
Lorsque  le  document  eat  trcp  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  aeul  clichA,  11  eat  film*  A  partir 
da  I'angla  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  an  baa,  an  prenant  le  nombre 
d'Imagaa  nAcaasaira.  Las  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


'rata 

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SECTION  AR. 


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Gtclcgiccd/  JMof? 

Cdcd  ClMm/^ivnedhyJl^iLRJIn^rcduiiiv 

ih(y  uncle rlyinij  Cccfl  Seams  explcred^unexpl. 
SifAneij  CapeBre/^n/ 

Scale  4  uwlies  M  d  JHile/. 


Kicplored  sea-ma  dene  ted'  by  cv  ft/Mhldck  line' 


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INGRAIIAM  COAL  MINE, 


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AT    THK 


North  Bar,  Sydney  Harbor, 


CAPE  BRETON, 


ooia^T-*viNrii>jc»  by  ooiwi:f»xjta.txom 


lS.402,r,00  Tuns., 


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§ 


$ 


'  < 


CHARLES  F.  BLOOM,  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTER, 

137  WILLIAM  BTREET. 
1867. 


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1 


C|e  |ngra|am  Coal  ^ine, 

At  the  North  Bar,  Sydruy  Ilarhor,  Cape  Breton ;  coiitainivg 
by  comimtation  18.402,500  tons. 


♦•» 


The  following  Report  of  Hugh  R.  McKenzie,  Enq.,  Civil 
Engineer  of  Sydney,  on  the  above  claim,  which  he  has  been 
engaged  for  several  months  in  exploring  is  submitted,  together 
with  a  geological  map  of  the  same  district. 

Report  on  the  lease  owned  by  R.  J.  and  J.  L.  Ingraham, 
Esquires,  on  Sydney  Harbor,  Cape  Breton. 

The  coal  claim  fronting  on  Sydney  Harbor,  Cape  Breton, 
owned  by  R.  J.  and  J.  L.  Ingraham,  Esquires,  is  a  lease 
granted  by  the  Government  of  Nova  Scotia.  It  is  situated  on 
the  noi  'i  side  of  Sidney  Harbor,  having  a  frontage  of  twenty- 
three  hundred  and  ten  feet  on  the  same,  and  running  inland' 
in  a  northerly  direction  twelve  thousand  o!ie  hundred  feet.  It 
is  bounded  immediately  on  the  east  by  the  "  Sydney  Mines,'* 
the  property  of  the  General  Mining  Association  of  London. 
The  claim  contains  an  area  of  one  square  mile,  or  six  hundred 
and  forty  acres. 

The  surface  of  this  claim  is  free  from  all  precipitous  or 
broken  ground.  The  land  rises  gradually  from  the  water  level 
of  Sydney  Harbour  as  the  claim  runs  inland.  The  hills  are 
undulating.  The  highest  ground  at  their  summits  does  not 
exceed  a  height  of  about  one  hundred  feet.  ^  * 

The  lay  of  the  rocks  in  this  region^  is  in  the  form  of  the  side 
of  a  large  basin,  the  trough  of  which  is  cut  otf  or  lies  #i 
merged  beneath  the  waters  of  the  Atlantic.  The  portioi 
the  basin  left  is  its  southwestern  side,  which  has  a  strike  of 
north  thirty  degrees  west,  and  a  dip  on  this  claim  ot  one  yard 
vertical,  to  eight  yards  horizontal,  in  a  direction  of  north  sixty 
degrees  east. 


1 


Witliiii  tliiH  claim  a  lied  of  coal,  of  workable  thickness  has 
been  actually  opened  up  au(i  inined,  and  its  outcrop  traced  by 
ineauH  of  borings  of  pits  acif»ss  the  claim,  namely  the  MePhail 
(jr  eastern  seam.  Two  throe  foot  seams  have  been  partially 
exi)l(>re(l.  Beside  these  four  other  coal  beds  underlie  this 
claim,  namely  :  The  fourth  seam,  immediately  underlying 
those  above  mentioned,  four  feet  four  inches  thick;  the  fifth 
seam,  three  feet  eight  in(^hes  thick ;  the  sixth  seam,  two  feet 
ten  inches  thick  ;  the  seventh  seam,  five  feet  six  inches  thick. 
Intermediate  between  the  two  last,  is  a  seam  eighteen  inches 
thick  not  workable.  This  eighteen  inch  seam  is  not  expected 
to  crop  out  on  this  claim,  nor  is  the  five  foot  si.  inch  seam,  but 
this  last  is  at  a  woakable  distance  from  the  surface.     (See  sec.) 

The  uppermost  of  these  beds,'the  Eastern  or  McPhail  seam,  is 
the  bed  at  present  worked  by  the  Messrs.  Ingraham.  It  is  five 
feet  thick,  and  the  coal  is  cf  a  good  cpuility.  Professor  Lesslie, 
a  mining  engineer  of  high  repute,  has  shown  this  coal  seam  on 
his  valuable  ma^^,  running  the  length  of  this  Cape  Breton 
County  (!oal  field.  On  a  map  in  the  Manhattan  Gas  Com- 
pany's Oiiice,  New  Vfork,  and  on  the  vertical  section  attached 
thereto,  this  authority  says :  In  tracing  the  McPhial  seam, 
that  it  is  wrought  by  Ross  tfe  Co.,  "now  the  Acadia  Coal 
Mining  Company,"  on  Schooner  Pond  Bay,  and  was  formerly 
wrought  by  tlie  French  on  the  Head  opposite  Flink  Island, 
and  also  on  the  South  Head  of  Cow  Bay.  It  is  the  same  as 
the  Indian  Cove  l>ed,  worked  in  No.  3  Pit,  Sydney  Mines,  and 
lately  oi)en(;d  by  Hoach,  the  property  now  owned  by  the 
Messrs.  Ingraham.  The  pits  where  the  seam  is  worked,  are 
lettered  A  B  on  plan,  and  here  it  has  a  thickness  of  five  feet. 
The  same  seam  as  worked  by  the  Acadia  Coal  Mining  Com. 
pany,  has  a  thickness  of  six  feet.  It  has  been  opened  on  the 
International  and  on  the  Bedford  Coal  Mining  Companies 
properties  on  tlie  former,  with  a  thickness  of  five  feet  ten 
ii|hes  ;  on  the  latter  with  a  thickness  of  five  feet  six  inches. 
I^s  therefore,  reasonable  to  suppose,  that  as  the  works  pro- 
ceed to  the  deep,  the  thickness  of  the  seam  will  increase  and 
be  over  five  feet.  This  seam  produces  a  solid  bituminous  coal 
of  good  quality ;  it  unedrlies  one  hundred  and  forty  acres,  con- 
taining one  million  one  hundred  and  fifty-one  thousand  five 


7 


/ 


hundred  tons.  More  than  one  half  of  this  quantity  of  coal 
lies  above  the  level  of  high  tide,  and  may  be  worked  without 
the  use  of  powerful  and  expensive  engines.  The  lowest  part 
of  tliis  coal  is  under  the  northern  boundary  line,  and  is  there 
about  one  hundred  feet  below  the  surface  of  the  ground. 

A.t  about  ninety-two  feet  below  the  McPhail  or  Easteni 
seam,  is  a  bed  that  is  to  be  seen  on  the  Northern  Head  of 
Cow  Bay,  where  it  has  a  thickness  of  three  feet.  It  also  shows 
in  the  cliif  at  Indian  Cove,  on  Sydney  Harbor,  where  it  is 
somewhat  thinner,  but  of  a  very  ^cellent  quality.  It  has 
been  opened  upon  this  claim  with  a  corresponding  result. 
This  seam  underlies  three  hundred  acres  of  this  claim,  and 
calculating  on  a  thickness  of  three  feet,  it  contains  one  million, 
four  hundred  and  eighty  thousand  iive  hundred  tons. 

At  about  one  hundred  and  ninety  two  feet  below  the 
McPhaH  or  Eastern  seam  is  another  seam,  which  has  been 
found  in  corresponding  sections  of  the  same  coal  basin  to  be 
three  feet  thick,  but  which  has  not  been  sutficiently  explored 
within  this  area  to  prove  its  exact  thickness.  Five  hundred 
acres  of  the  claim  are  underlaid  by  it,  containing,  assuming 
the  seam  to  be  as  thick  here  as  elsewhere,  viz.  three  feet,  two 
million,  four  hundred  and  sixty-seven  thousand  five  hundred 
tone. 

At  about  two  hundred  and  forty-two  feet  below  the  McPhail 
seam,  is  a  four  foot  four  inch  coal  bed,  which  has  not  been  ex- 
plored or  opened  upon  this  claim,  and  which  is  therefore,  with 
those  beneath  the  same,  called  the  unexplored  coal  beds.  On 
the  accompanying  map  is  shown  a  vertical  section  through  all 
the  seams  underlying  the  Sydney  Mines  six  foot  nine  inch  seam. 
The  section  shows  the  explored  seams  from  actual  measure 
ment  on  the  claim ;  it  siiows  the  unexplored  seams  underlying 
the  area,  also  from  actual  measurement,  but  made,  not  on  the 
claim,  but  in  corresponding  sections  of  country  to  that  now  being 
described.  The  four  foot  four  inch  bed,  underlies  about  five 
hundred  and  thirty  five  acres  of  the  claim,  containing  three 
million  five  hundred  and  eighty  tons. 

At  about  three  hundred  and  forty-two  feet  below  the 
McPhail  or  Eastern  seam,  is  a  seam  of  coal  that  has  been 
opened  np  by  the  Boston  and  Bridgeport  Coal  Mining  Cora- 


I 


-'^ 


I 


'\ 


6 


*s 


pany,  and  found  to  be  three  feet  eight  inches  thick.  It  under- 
lies six  hundred  and  ten  acres,  containing  three  million,  six 
hundred  and  ninety-seven  thousand,  five  hundred  anl  twenty 
tons.  At  about  three  Inmdred  and  ninety-two  feet  below  the 
McPhail  or  Eantern  seam,  is  a  two  foot  ten  inch  seam,  and  one 
hundred  and  three  feet  further,  a  one  foot  six  inch  seam,  neither 
of  which  is  at  present  of  workable  thickness. 

At  about  six  hundred  feet  below  the  McPhail  or  Eastern 
seam  is  a  bed  of  coal  five  feet  six  inches  thick,  known  by  the 
name  of  the  "  Gardiner  "  seam.  It  has  recently  been  opened 
up  at  about  the  above  depth,  below  the  McPhail  or  Widow 
"Gardiner's"  Farm,  near  Bridgeport,  where  it  has  the  above 
thickness.  The  coal  of  this  seam  is  of  a  most  superior  quality. 
The  seam  itself  does  not  crop  out  on  this  claim,  but  on  the 
shore  of  Sydney  Harbor ;  it  is  expected  to  be  found  about  six 
hundred  feet  south  of  tlie  southerly  corner,  at  which  point  it  is 
probably  between  sixty  and  ninety  feet  deep.  It  underlies 
the  whole  body  of  this  claim,  containing  at  a  thickness  of  five 
feet  six  inches — five  million,  seven  hundred  and  nineety-two 
thousand  tons  of  coal.  This  seam  very  much  resembles  the 
Mullin's  seam,  on  the  eastern  side  of  the  harbor  of  which  it 
will  probably  be  found  to  be  a  continuation. 


Subjoined  is  an  abstract  of  the  above  described  seams  of 
coal.       {.  ,^  ,,,■"■■ 

ABSTRACT. 


No.  of 

1 

Partially 

No.  of 

Seam. 

Name. 

Explored. 

Explored. 

Unezplered. 

Acres. 

No.  of  Tons. 

Total. 

1 

McPhail  or 

5  feet. 

Eastern 

Explored. 

K 

it 

140 

1,161,500 

2 

3  feet  Heam. 

3  feet. 

Partially 

<i 

300 

1,480,500 

.:i  -.i,'.-'i  i.'i 

3 

do. 

il 

<i 

Unexplored. 

500 

2,467,600 

4 

4'4"in.  bed 

4'4" 

<( 

i< 

586 

."t  ,813,480 

6 

3'8" 

3'8" 

11 

610 

3,6»7,620 

6 

2'10"  seam. 

2'10" 

II 

640 

1'6"     do. 

1'6" 

(i 

II 

640 

7 

Gardner. 
Seam 

6'6 
25,10 

c< 

II 

640 

6,792,000 

18,402,600 

Several  of  the  above  coal  seams  may  be  worked  on  the  shore 
of  Sydney  Harbor.  The  three  explored  and  partially  explored 
seams,  may  be  worked  from  the  seam  shaft,  (see  new  proposed 
pit  on  map.    Here  a  shaft  one  hundred  feet  deep,  constructed 


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at  moderate  cost,  and  without  the  iieceHsitv  of  powci'tiil  cnjijines 
Mrill  be  serviceable  to  the  extent  of  mining  out  of  the  whole 
body  of  the  Eastern  or  McPhail  seam,  tije  pillars  being  sybte- 
niatically  removed.  Secondly,  from  a  deptl^of  one  hundred 
and  ninety-two  feet,  the  whole  body  of  the  second  or  thnjc  foot 
bed,  and  thirdly,  from  a  depth  of  two  hundred  and  ninety-two 
feet,  the  whole  body  of  the  third  or  three  feet  seam.  Here  is  a 
grand  result  of  a  single  shaft  capable  of  raising  a  total  of  five 
million,  no  hundred  and  ninety-nine  thousand  tons  of  coal 
from  three  different  seams,  and  the  shaft  itself  on  tiie  end  being 
but  of  moderate  depth,  namely:  two  hundred  iind  ninety- 
two  feet.  In  case  as  much  as  one-third  of  the  coal  be  left  for 
pillarage,  this  shaft  would  still  be  capable  of  raising  from  the 
eastern  seam,  at  a  depth  of  one  hundred  feet,  seven  hundred 
and  sixty  seven  thousand,  six  hundred  and  sixty-seven  tons ; 
from  the  second  or  three  foot  seam,  at  a  depth  of  one  hundred 
and  ninety-two  feet,  nine  hundred  and  eighty-seven  thousand 
tons;  from  the  third  or  three  foot  seam,  at  a  depth  of  two 
hundred  and  ninety-two  feet,  one  million  six  hundred  and  forty- 
five  thousand  tons,  being  a  total  of  three  millions  three  hundred 
and  thirty-nine  thousand,  six  hundred  and  sixty-seven  tons. 
Calculating  on  a  shipment  as  large  iS  fifty  thousand  tons  per 
annum,  there  would  here  alone  be  coal  for  sixty-six  years. 
Taking  into  calculation  the  coal  expected  to  be  contained  in 
the  workable  unexplored  seams,  the  same  shipments  might  be 
continued  for  one  hundred  and  ninety-six  years  more,  a  total  of 
two  hundred  and  forty-two  yeai*8  at  fifty  thoiisond  tons  per 
annum.  ,•-■;-•         •   '    -,  •:!.;/    ^..-.tn.jAw 

The  facilities  for  shipment  from  this  colliery  are  not  surpassed 
by  those  of  any  colliery  in  Cape  Breton.  Immediately  in 
fi'ont  of  the  property,  is  the  broad  expanse  of  Sydney  Harbor, 
one  of  the  finest  harboih  or.  the  east  coast  of  North  America, 
and  which  is  so  well  known  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  enlarge 
here  on  the  subject.  The  point  in  the  harbor  to  be  selected 
for  the  wharves  and  piers,  is  between  the  north  bar  and  the 
loading  ground  of  the  General  Mining  Association.  There  is 
never  any  undertoe  at  this  point,  the  long  projecting  bar  pro- 
tecting it  completely  from  all  sea  breezes.  Very  economic 
superstructures  would    here  be  perfectly  safe.      From  the 


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wharveH  to  the  pit  a  team  railway  with  W(Miden  rails  shod  with 
iron,  one  mile  and  three  quarters  long  would  reciuire  to  l>e  con- 
Htmcted.  The  nature  of  the  ground  is  such,  that  horses  could 
perform  most  of^^he  services  required  on  this  road,  on  taking 
the  cars  to  and  from  the  pit.  A  small  steam  power  might  pro- 
bably be  used  with  advantage  at  about  live  hundred  feet  from 
the  head  of  the  wharf,  for  the  purpose  of  backing  down  the 
loaded  cars.  A  tracte  on  engine  could  dispense  alike  with 
horses  and  rails.  The  tram  railroad  line  and  wharves  might  at 
iirst  be  on  a  very  economic  scale,  and  might  be  continually  im- 
proved with  the  profits  derived  from  the  shipments.  One  year 
of  successful  working  with  a  shipment  of  fifty  thousand  tons, 
would  amply  repay  shareholders  for  all  necessary  outlays  on 
pit,  railway  and  wharves.  The  McPhail  or  Eastern  seam 
alone,  with  a  quantity  of  coal  exceeding  one  million  tons,  or 
seven  hundred  and  sixty-seven  thousand  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
seven  tons,  after  deduction  oft'  one  third  for  pillarage,  at  the 
large  shipment  of  fifty  thousand  tons  per  annum,  could  supply 
coal  for  the  period  of  fifteen  years,  and  by  removing  the  pillars 
for  a  further  period  of  six  years,  twenty-one  years  in  all.  The 
coal  when  at  the  wharf  ready  for  shipment,  will  not  have  cost 
over  one  dollar  and  fifty  cents  per  ton,  and  will  there  command 
two  dollars  and  h  half  per  ton.  A  shipment  of  fifty  thousand 
tons  would  therefore  realize  fifty  thousand  dollare  profit.  It 
may  be  worthy  of  remark,  that  since  shipmasters  and  Insurance 
Companies  prefer  the  safe  and  commodious  harbor  of  Sydney, 
before  the  open  and  exposed  or  artificial  harbors  along  the 
coast,  there  would  be  no  scarcity  of  ships  seeking  freights. 

All  of  which  is  respectfully  submitted. 


H.  R.  McKEKZIE,  C.  E. 


Sydney,  C.  B. 

Sept.  13th,  1866. 


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